@article{Determinants of Political Corruption: A Conceptual Framework_2014, volume={1}, url={/index.php/ijgc/article/view/228}, DOI={10.7719/ijgc.v1i1.228}, abstractNote={
Corruption has continuously challenged social scientists as a phenomenon that seems invincible although it has been proven to plague societies since government, as a social institution, was invented. The task is daunting but also very challenging, indeed, to resist; thus, this study was conducted to confirm what the determinants of political corruption are. Given that myriad studies have been conducted around the world on the issue area, this meta-analysis of at least twenty cross-country and country-specific studies was done. The analysis yielded the following factors as related to political corruption either positively or negatively. The (1) economic determinants were: level of development, economic growth, income, economic freedom, globalization, resources, trade openness and foreign direct investment; (2) political development were: federal form, democracy, press freedom, legal system, political participation, political competition and political stability; (3) social determinants: history, education, ethnicity and religion; and, (4) organizational determinants: democratic institutions, decentralization and government expenditure.
}, number={1}, journal={É«»¨ÌÃÂÛ̳}, year={2014}, month={Jan.}, pages={53–79} }